Sulabh Shrestha

Question and Answers

a) What is a markup?

Ans: Markup refers to the sequence of characters or other symbols that you insert at certain places in a text or word processing file to indicate how the file should look when it is printed or displayed or to describe the document's logical structure.

b) What is hypertext and hypermedia?

Ans: Hypertext is text which contains links to other texts.

Hypermedia is the generalization of hypertext to include other kinds of media: images, audio clips and video clips are typically supported in addition to text.Surfing the web is made possible by hyperlinks which allows access to other documents on the web.
example: Click here to visit the standards page at the W3C

c) What is a doctype and why is it important to include it in every HTML document?

Ans: Doctype is an instruction to the web browser about what version of HTML the page is written in.Doctype declaration specifies the version of HTML and it should always be included as the first line of code. Browsers will attempt to render documents without a doctype with their so called "quirck mode" with possible unexpected results.

d) What language can be used to style web documents?

Ans: CSS (Cascading Style Sheets) is used to style the web documents.

e) Which elements are required for a valid XHTML5 document?

Ans: Doctype, Head, Title, HTML and Body are elements that are required for a valid XHTML5 documents.

f) What is a self closing HTML element? Give an example?

Ans: The HTML elements that do not have any closing tag are known as self closing HTML element. For example:br, link, img, area, base, input, meta, etc.

g) What is XML and why is it important to web developers?

Ans: XML is a software and hardware independent tool for storing and transporting data. XML is a general purpose markup language with stricter syntax rules than HTML.

It is important because it is essential for well structured documents that are easier to develop and maintain.XML allows the flexible development of user-defined document types.

h)Describe 4 XML rules?

Ans: The XML rules are:
1.Elements must be properly nested.
2.Elements must have a start and end tag.
3.Element names are case-sensitive.
4.Attribute values must be enclosed in double quotation marks.

i) What is the difference bwtween a "well-formed" and a valid web document?

Ans: Validators are simple to use and it also provides useful feedback for updating your document to be valid according to a particular standard specification.

Well formdness is all about grammer or rules. The rules are in fact the XML set of rules for encoding documents in machine readable form. The X in XHTML, comes from the first HTML specification implemented using XML syntax.

THE USED HTML TAGS ARE:
html element is the document root element.
head element is the first element of the HTML document. Contains document metadata.
meta element is the document metadata that can't be represented with other elements.
link element links other resources related to the document.
body element is the document content.
article element represents section of the page content, such as a blog or forum post.
header element represents navigation or introductory elements for the current section.
h1 element gives heading for the current section.
nav element ontains a collection of lists.
br element repersents line break.
ul is an unordered list.
ol is an ordered list.
li element is a list item.
span element is a Container with no semantic meaning.
blockquote is a quote from another source.
q element is a quoted text.
a element represents a hyperlink.
p element represents paragraph
section element contains elements grouped by theme, for example a chapter or tab box.
footer element is the footer of the current section. img element represents an image.